如何Linux下得到CPU、內存及PCI信息
很多時候我們需要得到linux下面的硬件信息，
那么如何得到呢？
其實linux給出了多種途徑
我們看一下每一個命令，以便得到最詳細的信息
/*
二,硬件的查看
1,lspci
2,dmidecode
3,dmesg
*/
1，查看pci的相關信息
先解釋一下概念：
什么是PCI
Peripheral Component Interconnect，外圍設備互聯，
它是計算機上面應用的設備總線（總線，就是bus,是傳輸數據信號的通道）
lspci
這個命令默認是已經安裝的，
如找不到此命令，可以安裝pciutils這個包
命令舉例:
lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000X Chipset Memory Controller Hub (rev 12)
00:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 2 (rev 12)
00:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 3 (rev 12)
00:04.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x8 Port 4-5 (rev 12)
00:05.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 5 (rev 12)
00:06.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x8 Port 6-7 (rev 12)
00:07.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 7 (rev 12)
00:10.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FSB Registers (rev 12)
00:10.1 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FSB Registers (rev 12)
00:10.2 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FSB Registers (rev 12)
00:11.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset Reserved Registers (rev 12)
00:13.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset Reserved Registers (rev 12)
00:15.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FBD Registers (rev 12)
00:16.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FBD Registers (rev 12)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 09)
00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #1 (rev 09)
00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #2 (rev 09)
00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #3 (rev 09)
00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #4 (rev 09)
00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset EHCI USB2 Controller (rev 09)
00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev d9)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset LPC Interface Controller (rev 09)
00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB IDE Controller (rev 09)
01:00.0 SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic SAS1068E PCI-Express Fusion-MPT SAS (rev 08)
02:00.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom EPB PCI-Express to PCI-X Bridge (rev c3)
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 12)
04:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express Upstream Port (rev 01)
04:00.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express to PCI-X Bridge (rev 01)
05:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express Downstream Port E1 (rev 01)
05:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express Downstream Port E2 (rev 01)
06:00.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom EPB PCI-Express to PCI-X Bridge (rev c3)
07:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 12)
0e:0d.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc ES1000 (rev 02)
從中看到的信息：Ethernet controller：這個是網卡
VGA compatible controller：這個是顯卡
USB Controller： USB控制器
SCSI storage controller： SCSI的存儲控制器
說明：如果你感覺這份信息還不夠詳細，
那么可以在后面添加參數，有3個參數可以使用：
lspci -v verbose 詳細
lspci -vv very verbose 很詳細
lspci -vvv even more verbose 更詳細
以樹結構來顯示pci總線：
lspci -tv
簡單顯示：
lspci -n
00:00.0 0600: 8086:25c0 (rev 12)
00:02.0 0604: 8086:25e2 (rev 12)
00:03.0 0604: 8086:25e3 (rev 12)
00:04.0 0604: 8086:25f8 (rev 12)
00:05.0 0604: 8086:25e5 (rev 12)
00:06.0 0604: 8086:25f9 (rev 12)
00:07.0 0604: 8086:25e7 (rev 12)
00:10.0 0600: 8086:25f0 (rev 12)
00:10.1 0600: 8086:25f0 (rev 12)
00:10.2 0600: 8086:25f0 (rev 12)
00:11.0 0600: 8086:25f1 (rev 12)
00:13.0 0600: 8086:25f3 (rev 12)
00:15.0 0600: 8086:25f5 (rev 12)
00:16.0 0600: 8086:25f6 (rev 12)
00:1c.0 0604: 8086:2690 (rev 09)
00:1d.0 0c03: 8086:2688 (rev 09)
00:1d.1 0c03: 8086:2689 (rev 09)
00:1d.2 0c03: 8086:268a (rev 09)
00:1d.3 0c03: 8086:268b (rev 09)
00:1d.7 0c03: 8086:268c (rev 09)
00:1e.0 0604: 8086:244e (rev d9)
00:1f.0 0601: 8086:2670 (rev 09)
00:1f.1 0101: 8086:269e (rev 09)
01:00.0 0100: 1000:0058 (rev 08)
02:00.0 0604: 1166:0103 (rev c3)
03:00.0 0200: 14e4:164c (rev 12)
04:00.0 0604: 8086:3500 (rev 01)
04:00.3 0604: 8086:350c (rev 01)
05:00.0 0604: 8086:3510 (rev 01)
05:01.0 0604: 8086:3514 (rev 01)
06:00.0 0604: 1166:0103 (rev c3)
07:00.0 0200: 14e4:164c (rev 12)
0e:0d.0 0300: 1002:515e (rev 02)
顯示其中的某一項：
lspci -d 14e4:164c -vvv
2,查看cpu的信息
cat /proc/cpuinfo
有幾顆CPU？ cat /proc/cpuinfo ｜ grep physical id
[root@dev ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'physical id'
physical id : 0
physical id : 0
physical id : 0
physical id : 0
如果physical id相同，表示這是一顆4核心的CPU
查看CPU的生產商和型號:
查看生產商：
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'vendor_id'
查看型號：
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'model name'
查看頻率：
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'cpu MHz'
查看核心的數量：
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'cpu cores'
3,查看內存的信息：
[root@dev ~]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 4048 1708 2339 0 164 1464
-/+ buffers/cache: 80 3967
Swap: 1983 0 1983
說明： -m參數，以M字節（megabytes）為單位查看內存大小，
上面的例子中我們可以看到，內存的總大小是4048M，也就是4G
想看到更詳細的內存信息？
dmidecode -t memory
# dmidecode 2.7
SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x1000, DMI type 16, 15 bytes.
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
Maximum Capacity: 32 GB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 8
Handle 0x1100, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 1024 MB
Form Factor:
Set: 1
Locator: DIMM1
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
Manufacturer: 830B8089830B
Serial Number: E2940445
Asset Tag: 110818
Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C
Handle 0x1101, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 1024 MB
Form Factor:
Set: 1
Locator: DIMM2
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
Manufacturer: 830B8089830B
Serial Number: BB9C0441
Asset Tag: 110818
Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C
Handle 0x1102, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 1024 MB
Form Factor:
Set: 2
Locator: DIMM3
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
Manufacturer: 830B8089830B
Serial Number: 39A10445
Asset Tag: 110818
Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C
Handle 0x1103, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 1024 MB
Form Factor:
Set: 2
Locator: DIMM4
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
Manufacturer: 830B8089830B
Serial Number: BA9A0442
Asset Tag: 110818
Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C
Handle 0x1104, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor:
Set: 3
Locator: DIMM5
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:
Handle 0x1105, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor:
Set: 3
Locator: DIMM6
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:
Handle 0x1106, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor:
Set: 4
Locator: DIMM7
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:
Handle 0x1107, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor:
Set: 4
Locator: DIMM8
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:
從上面我們可以看到有4條1G的內存被安裝在前4條內存插槽上，而locator從DIMM5－DIMM8是空著的
前四條內存的型號為：Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C
生產商的ID是：Manufacturer: 830B8089830B
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