@Controller
public class SimpleController {

  // ...
  // 只能處理當前SimpleController中發生的異常
  @ExceptionHandler
  public ResponseEntity<String> handle(Exception ex) {
    // ...
  }

}

@RestControllerAdvice
public class TestControllerAdvice {
  
  // 全局異常處理
  @ExceptionHandler
  public Object handle(Exception e) {
    return "我是全局異常： " + e.getMessage() ;
  }
  
}

@ExceptionHandler({FileSystemException.class, RemoteException.class})
public ResponseEntity<String> handle(Exception ex) {
  // ...
}

@RestControllerAdvice
static class CustomResponseEntityExceptionHandler extends ResponseEntityExceptionHandler {

  @Override
  protected ResponseEntity<Object> handleExceptionInternal(Exception ex, Object body, HttpHeaders headers,HttpStatus status, WebRequest request) {
    System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>> - body - " + body) ;
    System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>> - headers - " + headers) ;
    System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>> - status - " + status) ;
    return new ResponseEntity<>(ex.getMessage(), headers, status) ;
  }
    
}

public abstract class ResponseEntityExceptionHandler {
  @ExceptionHandler({
    HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException.class,
    HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException.class,
    HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException.class,
    MissingPathVariableException.class,
    MissingServletRequestParameterException.class,
    ServletRequestBindingException.class,
    ConversionNotSupportedException.class,
    TypeMismatchException.class,
    HttpMessageNotReadableException.class,
    HttpMessageNotWritableException.class,
    MethodArgumentNotValidException.class,
    MissingServletRequestPartException.class,
    BindException.class,
    NoHandlerFoundException.class,
    AsyncRequestTimeoutException.class
  })
  @Nullable
  public final ResponseEntity<Object> handleException(Exception ex, WebRequest request) throws Exception {
    HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

    if (ex instanceof HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException) {
      HttpStatus status = HttpStatus.METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED;
      return handleHttpRequestMethodNotSupported((HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException) ex, headers, status, request);
    }
    else if (ex instanceof HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException) {
      HttpStatus status = HttpStatus.UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE;
      return handleHttpMediaTypeNotSupported((HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException) ex, headers, status, request);
    }
    // ...
    else {
      throw ex;
    }
  }
}