Springboot如何優雅的實現異常重試機制
作者：言沫東
新增重試任務成功之后，我們可通過調度平臺(比如：xxlJob)，定時查詢重試任務表，然后調用RetryTaskDefinitionEnum中定義的重試的Service(RetryServiceName)，這里可以定義一個模板方法，根據RetryServiceName，從Spring中獲取到對應的Bean，執行具體的業務方法，然后更新任務狀態和重試次數即可。
一、概述
微服務之間相互調用，難免會出現形形色色的異常，出現異常時有些情況可能需要先落重試任務表，然后通過任務調度等進行定時重試；通過自定義重試注解@Retryable，減少對核心業務代碼入侵，增強代碼可讀性、可維護性。下面通過實戰，開發自定義重試注解@Retryable。諸位可根據業務需要，稍作改造直接使用。
二、實戰
重試任務表定義(retry_task)：
CREATE TABLE `retry_task` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主鍵值',
`business_type_code` varchar(32) COLLATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '業務類型編碼',
`business_type_desc` varchar(100) COLLATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '業務類型描述',
`retry_service_name` varchar(100) COLLATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '重試的service名稱',
`business_param` text COLLATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '業務參數',
`wait_retry_times` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 3 COMMENT '待重試次數',
`already_retry_times` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '已重試次數',
`retry_result_code` varchar(36) COLLATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '重試結果碼',
`retry_result_msg` varchar(255) COLLATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '重試結果描述',
`create_user` varchar(36) COLLATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '創建人',
`create_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '創建時間',
`update_user` varchar(36) COLLATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '更新人',
`update_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '更新時間',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `idx_create_time` (`create_time`),
KEY `idx_business_type_code` (`business_type_code`)
) COMMENT='重試任務表';重試任務表實體類(RetryTaskEntity)：
@Data
public class RetryTaskEntity implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -1950778520234119369L;
/**
* 主鍵值
*/
private BigInteger id;
/**
* 業務類型編碼
*/
private String businessTypeCode;
/**
* 業務類型描述
*/
private String businessTypeDesc;
/**
* 重試的service名稱
*/
private String retryServiceName;
/**
* 業務參數
*/
private String businessParam;
/**
* 待重試的次數
*/
private Integer waitRetryTimes;
/**
* 已重試的次數
*/
private Integer alreadyRetryTimes;
/**
* 重試結果碼
*/
private String retryResultCode;
/**
* 重試結果描述
*/
private String retryResultMsg;
/**
* 創建人
*/
private String createUser;
/**
* 創建時間
*/
private Date createTime;
/**
* 更新人
*/
private String updateUser;
/**
* 更新時間
*/
private Date updateTime;
}重試任務表mapper和對應的xml文件：
public interface RetryTaskMapper {
int addRetryTask(RetryTaskEntity retryTaskEntity);
}<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.boot.demo.mapper.RetryTaskMapper">
<insert id="addRetryTask" parameterType="com.boot.demo.pojo.RetryTaskEntity">
INSERT INTO retry_task(business_type_code,
business_type_desc,
retry_service_name,
business_param,
wait_retry_times,
already_retry_times,
retry_result_code,
retry_result_msg,
create_user,
create_time,
update_user,
update_time)
VALUES (#{businessTypeCode},
#{businessTypeDesc},
#{retryServiceName},
#{businessParam},
#{waitRetryTimes},
#{alreadyRetryTimes},
#{retryResultCode},
#{retryResultMsg},
#{createUser},
#{createTime},
#{updateUser},
#{updateTime})
</insert>
</mapper>重試任務表service和對應的serviceImpl：
public interface RetryTaskService {
void addRetryTask(RetryTaskEntity retryTaskEntity);
}@Service
public class RetryTaskServiceImpl implements RetryTaskService {
@Autowired
private RetryTaskMapper retryTaskMapper;
@Override
public void addRetryTask(RetryTaskEntity retryTaskEntity) {
retryTaskMapper.addRetryTask(retryTaskEntity);
}
}業務類型枚舉類(RetryTaskDefinitionEnum)：
/**
* 重試任務枚舉
*/
public enum RetryTaskDefinitionEnum {
ADD_STOCK("101", "采購入庫成功后新增庫存異常重試", "purchaseService", 3);
/**
* 業務類型編碼
*/
private final String businessTypeCode;
/**
* 業務類型描述
*/
private final String businessTypeDesc;
/**
* 重試的service名稱
*/
private final String retryServiceName;
/**
* 重試次數
*/
private final Integer retryTimes;
RetryTaskDefinitionEnum(String businessTypeCode, String businessTypeDesc, String retryServiceName, Integer retryTimes) {
this.businessTypeCode = businessTypeCode;
this.businessTypeDesc = businessTypeDesc;
this.retryServiceName = retryServiceName;
this.retryTimes = retryTimes;
}
public static RetryTaskDefinitionEnum getTaskDefinitionByBusinessTypeCode(String businessTypeCode) {
if (StringUtils.isBlank(businessTypeCode)) {
return null;
}
for (RetryTaskDefinitionEnum taskDefinition : values()) {
if (taskDefinition.getBusinessTypeCode().equals(businessTypeCode)) {
return taskDefinition;
}
}
return null;
}
public String getBusinessTypeCode() {
return businessTypeCode;
}
public String getBusinessTypeDesc() {
return businessTypeDesc;
}
public String getRetryServiceName() {
return retryServiceName;
}
public Integer getRetryTimes() {
return retryTimes;
}
}自定義注解(@MyRetryable)：
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Inherited
@Documented
public @interface MyRetryable {
RetryTaskDefinitionEnum businessType();
}自定義注解切面(MyRetryableAspect)：
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import com.boot.demo.result.Result;
import com.boot.demo.result.ResultCode;
import com.boot.demo.pojo.RetryTaskEntity;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import com.boot.demo.annotation.MyRetryable;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import com.boot.demo.service.RetryTaskService;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.boot.demo.annotation.RetryTaskDefinitionEnum;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import java.util.Date;
@Slf4j
@Aspect
@Component
public class MyRetryableAspect {
@Autowired
private RetryTaskService retryTaskService;
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.boot.demo.annotation.MyRetryable)")
public void pointCut() {
}
@Around(value = "pointCut()")
public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) {
Result result = null;
try {
// 執行目標方法
result = (Result) joinPoint.proceed();
// 目標方法返回：成功結果碼(200)，則無需重試
if (ResultCode.SUCCESS.getCode() == result.getCode()) {
return result;
}
// 目標方法返回：非成功結果碼(非200)則需重試(此次可根據需要判斷什么樣的返回碼需要重試)
dealAddRetryTask(joinPoint);，
return result;
} catch (Throwable e) {
log.error("myRetryableAspectLog error param: {} result: {} e: ", joinPoint.getArgs(), result, e);
// 此處捕獲異常之后，也可以根據需要重試，這里就僅輸出異常日志
return result;
}
}
private void dealAddRetryTask(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) {
// 獲取重試注解信息
MyRetryable myRetryableAnnotation = ((MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature()).getMethod().getAnnotation(MyRetryable.class);
if (null == myRetryableAnnotation) {
return;
}
// 根據業務類型編碼，獲取枚舉中定義的業務類型描述、重試的service、重試次數等信息
String businessTypeCode = myRetryableAnnotation.businessType().getBusinessTypeCode();
RetryTaskDefinitionEnum retryTaskDefinition = RetryTaskDefinitionEnum.getTaskDefinitionByBusinessTypeCode(businessTypeCode);
if (null == retryTaskDefinition) {
return;
}
RetryTaskEntity retryTaskEntity = new RetryTaskEntity();
retryTaskEntity.setBusinessTypeCode(businessTypeCode);
retryTaskEntity.setBusinessTypeDesc(retryTaskDefinition.getBusinessTypeDesc());
retryTaskEntity.setRetryServiceName(retryTaskDefinition.getRetryServiceName());
retryTaskEntity.setBusinessParam(JSON.toJSONString(joinPoint.getArgs()[0]));
retryTaskEntity.setWaitRetryTimes(retryTaskDefinition.getRetryTimes());
retryTaskEntity.setAlreadyRetryTimes(0);
retryTaskEntity.setRetryResultCode("");
retryTaskEntity.setRetryResultMsg("");
retryTaskEntity.setCreateUser("SYS");
retryTaskEntity.setCreateTime(new Date());
retryTaskEntity.setUpdateUser("SYS");
retryTaskEntity.setUpdateTime(new Date());
retryTaskService.addRetryTask(retryTaskEntity);
}
}基礎類(Result、ResultCode、ResultGenerator)。
Result類：
public class Result {
private int code;
private String message;
private Object data;
public Result setCode(ResultCode resultCode) {
this.code = resultCode.getCode();
return this;
}
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
public Result setCode(int code) {
this.code = code;
return this;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public Result setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
return this;
}
public Object getData() {
return data;
}
public Result setData(Object data) {
this.data = data;
return this;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Result{");
sb.append("code=").append(code);
sb.append(", message='").append(message).append('\'');
sb.append(", data=").append(data);
sb.append('}');
return sb.toString();
}
}ResultCode類：
public enum ResultCode {
SUCCESS(200),
FAIL(400),
UNAUTHORIZED(401),
FORBIDDEN(403),
NOT_FOUND(404),
INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR(500);
private final int code;
ResultCode(int code) {
this.code = code;
}
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
}ResultGenerator類：
public class ResultGenerator {
private static final String DEFAULT_SUCCESS_MESSAGE = "SUCCESS";
private ResultGenerator() {
}
public static Result genSuccessResult() {
return new Result().setCode(ResultCode.SUCCESS).setMessage(DEFAULT_SUCCESS_MESSAGE);
}
public static Result genSuccessResult(Object data) {
return new Result().setCode(ResultCode.SUCCESS).setMessage(DEFAULT_SUCCESS_MESSAGE).setData(data);
}
public static Result genFailResult(String message) {
return new Result().setCode(ResultCode.FAIL).setMessage(message);
}
public static Result genFailResult(ResultCode code, String message) {
return new Result().setCode(code).setMessage(message);
}
public static Result genFailResult(String message, Object data) {
return new Result().setCode(ResultCode.FAIL).setMessage(message).setData(data);
}
}測試controller(PurchaseController)：
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/purchase")
public class PurchaseController {
@Autowired
private PurchaseService purchaseService;
@GetMapping("/test")
public String test(String param) {
purchaseService.addStock(param);
return "success";
}
}測試PurchaseService、和PurchaseServiceImpl
public interface PurchaseService {
Result addStock(String param);
}@Service("purchaseService")
public class PurchaseServiceImpl implements PurchaseService {
@Override
// 在需要重試的業務方法上新增重試注解即可
@MyRetryable(businessType = RetryTaskDefinitionEnum.ADD_STOCK)
public Result addStock(String param) {
// return ResultGenerator.genSuccessResult();
return ResultGenerator.genFailResult("系統異常...");
}
}三、總結
新增重試任務成功之后，我們可通過調度平臺(比如：xxlJob)，定時查詢重試任務表，然后調用RetryTaskDefinitionEnum中定義的重試的service(retryServiceName)，這里可以定義一個模板方法，根據retryServiceName，從spring中獲取到對應的bean，執行具體的業務方法，然后更新任務狀態和重試次數即可。
責任編輯：姜華
來源：
今日頭條
