Xtrabackup是一個對InnoDB做數據備份的工具，支持在線熱備份(備份時不影響數據讀寫)，是商業備份工具InnoDB Hotbackup的一個很好的替代品。

　　Xtrabackup有兩個主要的工具：xtrabackup、innobackupex

　　(1)xtrabackup只能備份InnoDB和XtraDB兩種數據表，而不能備份MyISAM數據表

　　(2)innobackupex-1.5.1則封裝了xtrabackup，是一個腳本封裝，所以能同時備份處理innodb和myisam，但在處理myisam時需要加一個讀鎖

　　安裝XtraBackup，首先要安裝MySQL

　　1、查看MySQL版本

　　[root@rh64 ~]# service mysql start

　　Starting MySQL (Percona Server)...[ OK ]

　　[root@rh64 ~]# mysql -u root -p

　　Enter password:

　　Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

　　Your MySQL connection id is 1

　　Server version: 5.6.25-73.1 Percona Server (GPL), Release 73.1, Revision 07b797f

　　Copyright (c) 2009-2015 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates

　　Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

　　Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

　　affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

　　owners.

　　Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

　　mysql>

　　2、安裝配置

　　在/etc/my.cnf文件要配置數據所存儲的目錄

　　[root@rh64 XtraBackup]# cat /etc/my.cnf |grep datadir

　　datadir=/var/lib/mysql

　　3、下載安裝

　　

　　安裝：

　　[root@rh64 XtraBackup]# ls -l

　　total 26808

　　-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 5664452 Oct 27 10:27 percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

　　-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 20807976 Oct 27 10:27 percona-xtrabackup-debuginfo-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

　　-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 971264 Oct 27 10:27 percona-xtrabackup-test-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

　　[root@rh64 XtraBackup]# rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

　　warning: percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY

　　error: Failed dependencies:

　　libev.so.4()(64bit) is needed by percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64

　　----安裝出錯，要求需有libev.so庫支持

　　下載libev安裝包：

　　[root@rh64 libev-4.15]# tar zxvf libev-4.15.tar.gz

　　安裝libev：

　　[root@rh64 libev-4.15]# ./configure

　　checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c

　　checking whether build environment is sane... yes

　　checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p

　　checking for gawk... gawk

　　checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes

　　checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... no

　　checking for gcc... gcc

　　checking whether the C compiler works... yes

　　checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out

　　checking for suffix of executables...

　　checking whether we are cross compiling... no

　　checking for suffix of object files... o

　　checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes

　　checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes

　　checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed

　　checking for style of include used by make... GNU

　　checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3

　　checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

　　checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

　　checking how to print strings... printf

　　checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed

　　checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep

　　checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E

　　checking for fgrep... /bin/grep -F

　　checking for ld used by gcc... /usr/bin/ld

　　checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes

　　checking for BSD- or MS-compatible name lister (nm)... /usr/bin/nm -B

　　checking the name lister (/usr/bin/nm -B) interface... BSD nm

　　checking whether ln -s works... yes

　　checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 1966080

　　checking whether the shell understands some XSI constructs... yes

　　checking whether the shell understands "+="... yes

　　checking how to convert x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu file names to x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu format... func_convert_file_noop

　　checking how to convert x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu file names to toolchain format... func_convert_file_noop

　　checking for /usr/bin/ld option to reload object files... -r

　　checking for objdump... objdump

　　checking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass_all

　　checking for dlltool... no

　　checking how to associate runtime and link libraries... printf %s\n

　　checking for ar... ar

　　checking for archiver @FILE support... @

　　......

　　[root@rh64 libev-4.15]# make

　　make all-am

　　make[1]: Entering directory `/home/mysql/libev-4.15'

　　/bin/sh ./libtool --tag=CC --mode=compile gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O3 -MT ev.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/ev.Tpo -c -o ev.lo ev.c

　　libtool: compile: gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O3 -MT ev.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/ev.Tpo -c ev.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/ev.o

　　ev.c:1531: warning: 'ev_default_loop_ptr' initialized and declared 'extern'

　　libtool: compile: gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O3 -MT ev.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/ev.Tpo -c ev.c -o ev.o >/dev/null 2>&1

　　mv -f .deps/ev.Tpo .deps/ev.Plo

　　/bin/sh ./libtool --tag=CC --mode=compile gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O3 -MT event.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/event.Tpo -c -o event.lo event.c

　　libtool: compile: gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O3 -MT event.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/event.Tpo -c event.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/event.o

　　libtool: compile: gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O3 -MT event.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/event.Tpo -c event.c -o event.o >/dev/null 2>&1

　　mv -f .deps/event.Tpo .deps/event.Plo

　　/bin/sh ./libtool --tag=CC --mode=link gcc -g -O3 -version-info 4:0:0 -o libev.la -rpath /usr/local/lib ev.lo event.lo -lm

　　libtool: link: gcc -shared -fPIC -DPIC .libs/ev.o .libs/event.o -lm -O3 -Wl,-soname -Wl,libev.so.4 -o .libs/libev.so.4.0.0

　　libtool: link: (cd ".libs" && rm -f "libev.so.4" && ln -s "libev.so.4.0.0" "libev.so.4")

　　libtool: link: (cd ".libs" && rm -f "libev.so" && ln -s "libev.so.4.0.0" "libev.so")

　　libtool: link: ar cru .libs/libev.a ev.o event.o

　　libtool: link: ranlib .libs/libev.a

　　libtool: link: ( cd ".libs" && rm -f "libev.la" && ln -s "../libev.la" "libev.la" )

　　make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mysql/libev-4.15'

　　[root@rh64 libev-4.15]# make install

　　make[1]: Entering directory `/home/mysql/libev-4.15'

　　/bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/lib'

　　/bin/sh ./libtool --mode=install /usr/bin/install -c libev.la '/usr/local/lib'

　　libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c .libs/libev.so.4.0.0 /usr/local/lib/libev.so.4.0.0

　　libtool: install: (cd /usr/local/lib && { ln -s -f libev.so.4.0.0 libev.so.4 || { rm -f libev.so.4 && ln -s libev.so.4.0.0 libev.so.4; }; })

　　libtool: install: (cd /usr/local/lib && { ln -s -f libev.so.4.0.0 libev.so || { rm -f libev.so && ln -s libev.so.4.0.0 libev.so; }; })

　　libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c .libs/libev.lai /usr/local/lib/libev.la

　　libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c .libs/libev.a /usr/local/lib/libev.a

　　libtool: install: chmod 644 /usr/local/lib/libev.a

　　libtool: install: ranlib /usr/local/lib/libev.a

　　libtool: finish: PATH="/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/sbin" ldconfig -n /usr/local/lib

　　----------------------------------------------------------------------

　　Libraries have been installed in:

　　/usr/local/lib

　　If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries

　　in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and

　　specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'

　　flag during linking and do at least one of the following:

　　- add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable

　　during execution

　　- add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable

　　during linking

　　- use the `-Wl,-rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag

　　- have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'

　　See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for

　　more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.

　　----------------------------------------------------------------------

　　/bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/include'

　　/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ev.h ev++.h event.h '/usr/local/include'

　　/bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/share/man/man3'

　　/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ev.3 '/usr/local/share/man/man3'

　　make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mysql/libev-4.15'

　　查看libev安裝信息：

　　[root@rh64 libev-4.15]# find / -name 'libev.so*'

　　/home/mysql/libev-4.15/.libs/libev.so.4.0.0

　　/home/mysql/libev-4.15/.libs/libev.so

　　/home/mysql/libev-4.15/.libs/libev.so.4

　　/usr/local/lib/libev.so.4.0.0

　　/usr/local/lib/libev.so.4

　　/usr/local/lib/libev.so

　　配置lib訪問環境：

　　[root@rh64 XtraBackup]# cat /etc/profile

　　export LIBDIR=/usr/local/lib

　　export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib

　　export LD_RUN_PATH=/usr/local/lib

　　"/etc/profile" 82L, 1898C written

　　再次安裝：

　　[root@rh64 XtraBackup]# rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

　　warning: percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY

　　error: Failed dependencies:

　　libev.so.4()(64bit) is needed by percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64

　　---仍然失敗!!!可能是libev的版本不對，應該下載libev(64)

　　下載libev(64)并安裝：

　　http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=libev.so.4()(64bit)

　　[root@rh64 mysql]# rpm -ivh libev-4.04-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

　　warning: libev-4.04-2.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 66534c2b: NOKEY

　　Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

　　1:libev ########################################### [100%]

　　[root@rh64 mysql]# rpm -qa |grep libev

　　libevent-1.4.13-4.el6.x86_64

　　libevent-1.4.13-4.el6.i686

　　libev-4.04-2.el6.x86_64

　　[root@rh64 mysql]# rpm -ql libev

　　/usr/lib64/libev.so.4

　　/usr/lib64/libev.so.4.0.0

　　/usr/share/doc/libev-4.04

　　/usr/share/doc/libev-4.04/Changes

　　/usr/share/doc/libev-4.04/LICENSE

　　/usr/share/doc/libev-4.04/README

　　安裝xtrabackup：

　　[root@rh64 XtraBackup]# ls

　　percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm percona-xtrabackup-test-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

　　percona-xtrabackup-debuginfo-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

　　[root@rh64 XtraBackup]# rpm -ivh *

　　warning: percona-xtrabackup-2.3.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY

　　Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

　　1:percona-xtrabackup ########################################### [ 33%]

　　2:percona-xtrabackup-test########################################### [ 67%]

　　3:percona-xtrabackup-debu########################################### [100%]

　　----安裝成功!!!

　　[root@rh64 XtraBackup]# man innobackupex

　　INNOBACKUPEX(1) Percona XtraBackup INNOBACKUPEX(1)

　　NAME

　　innobackupex - innobackupex Documentation

　　The innobackupex tool is a Perl script that acts as a wrapper for the xtrabackup C program. It

　　is a patched version of the innobackup Perl script that Oracle distributes with the InnoDB Hot

　　Backup tool. It enables more functionality by integrating xtrabackup and other functions such as

　　file copying and streaming, and adds some convenience. It lets you perform point-in-time backups

　　of InnoDB / XtraDB tables together with the schema definitions, MyISAM tables, and other por-

　　tions of the server.

　　This manual section explains how to use innobackupex in detail.

　　PREREQUISITES

　　Connection and Privileges Needed

　　Percona XtraBackup needs to be able to connect to the database server and perform operations on

　　the server and the datadir when creating a backup, when preparing in some scenarios and when

　　restoring it. In order to do so, there are privileges and permission requirements on its execu-

　　tion that must be fulfilled.

　　Privileges refers to the operations that a system user is permitted to do in the database

　　server. They are set at the database server and only apply to users in the database server.

　　Permissions are those which permits a user to perform operations on the system, like reading,

　　writing or executing on a certain directory or start/stop a system service. They are set at a

　　system level and only apply to system users.

　　Whether xtrabackup or innobackupex is used, there are two actors involved: the user invoking the

　　program - a system user - and the user performing action in the database server - a database

　　user. Note that these are different users in different places, even tough they may have the same

　　username.

　　All the invocations of innobackupex and xtrabackup in this documentation assumes that the system

　　user has the appropriate permissions and you are providing the relevant options for connecting

　　the database server - besides the options for the action to be performed - and the database user

　　has adequate privileges.

　　Connecting to the server

　　The database user used to connect to the server and its password are specified by the --user and

　　--password option,

　　$ innobackupex --user=DBUSER --password=SECRET /path/to/backup/dir/

　　$ innobackupex --user=LUKE --password=US3TH3F0RC3 --stream=tar ./ | bzip2 -

　　$ xtrabackup --user=DVADER --password=14MY0URF4TH3R --backup --target-dir=/data/bkps/

　　----至此，XtraBackup安裝完成!!!