在 Blazor 中使用 Chart.js 快速創建數據可視化圖表

作者：大姚 2025-04-02 07:37:29

Blazor是一種新興的Web應用程序框架，具有很大的潛力和發展前景。Blazor是在.NET和Razor上構建的用戶界面框架，它采用了最新的Web技術和.NET框架優勢，可以使用C# 編程語言編寫Web 應用程序，它不僅可以提高開發效率，還可以提供更好的用戶體驗和更好的可維護性。

前言

BlazorChartjs 是一個在 Blazor 中使用 Chart.js 的庫（支持Blazor WebAssembly和Blazor Server兩種模式），它提供了簡單易用的組件來幫助開發者快速集成數據可視化圖表到他們的 Blazor 應用程序中。本文我們將一起來學習一下在 Blazor 中使用 Chart.js 快速創建數據可視化圖表。

Blazor是什么？

創建Blazor WebAssembly應用

創建名為ChartjsExercise的Blazor WebAssembly應用：

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安裝NuGet

安裝PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs包：

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添加以下腳本

打開index.html文件，在頁面末尾添加以下腳本：

<script src="_content/PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs/lib/Chart.js/chart.js"></script>
<script src="_content/PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs/Chart.js" type="module"></script>

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引入組件

打開你的_Imports.razor文件并添加以下內容：

@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Enums
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Common
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Bar
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Bubble
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Doughnut
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Line
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Pie
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Polar
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Radar
@using PSC.Blazor.Components.Chartjs.Models.Scatter

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柱狀圖

創建BarSimple.razor組件：

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razor頁面代碼

@page "/BarSimple"
@using ChartjsExercise.Model
<h3>柱狀圖</h3>

<Chart Cnotallow="_config" @ref="_chart" Height="500px"></Chart>

@code {
    private BarChartConfig? _config;
    private Chart? _chart;

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        _config = new BarChartConfig()
            {
                Options = new Options()
                {
                    Responsive = true,
                    MaintainAspectRatio = false,
                    Plugins = new Plugins()
                    {
                        Legend = new Legend()
                        {
                            Align = Align.Center,
                            Display = true,
                            Position = LegendPosition.Right
                        }
                    },
                    Scales = new Dictionary<string, Axis>()
                {
                    {
                        Scales.XAxisId, new Axis()
                        {
                            Stacked = true,
                            Ticks = new Ticks()
                            {
                                MaxRotation = 0,
                                MinRotation = 0
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    {
                        Scales.YAxisId, new Axis()
                        {
                            Stacked = true
                        }
                    }
                }
                }
            };

        _config.Data.Labels = BarSimpleData.SimpleBarText;
        _config.Data.Datasets.Add(new BarDataset()
            {
                Label = "Value",
                Data = BarSimpleData.SimpleBar.Select(l => l.Value).ToList(),
                BackgroundColor = Colors.Palette1,
                BorderColor = Colors.PaletteBorder1,
                BorderWidth = 1
            });
    }
}

BarSimpleData

public class BarSimpleData
    {
        public static List<string> SimpleBarText = new List<string>() { "一月", "二月", "三月", "四月", "五月", "六月", "七月" };
        public static List<DataItem> SimpleBar = new List<DataItem>()
        {
            new DataItem() { Name = "一月", Value = 65 },
            new DataItem() { Name = "二月", Value = 59 },
            new DataItem() { Name = "三月", Value = 80 },
            new DataItem() { Name = "四月", Value = 81 },
            new DataItem() { Name = "五月", Value = 56 },
            new DataItem() { Name = "六月", Value = 55 },
            new DataItem() { Name = "七月", Value = 40 }
        };
    }

展示效果

餅圖

創建PieSimple.razor組件：

razor頁面代碼

@page "/PieSimple"
@using ChartjsExercise.Model
<h3>餅圖</h3>

<Chart Cnotallow="_config" @ref="_chart" Height="500px"></Chart>

@code {
    private PieChartConfig? _config;
    private Chart? _chart;

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        _config = new PieChartConfig()
            {
                Options = new PieOptions()
                {
                    Responsive = true,
                    MaintainAspectRatio = false
                }
            };

        _config.Data.Labels = PieSimpleData.SimplePieText;
        _config.Data.Datasets.Add(new PieDataset()
            {
                Label = "數據集",
                Data = PieSimpleData.SimplePie.ToList(),
                BackgroundColor = Colors.PaletteBorder1,
                HoverOffset = 4
            });
    }
}

PieSimpleData

public class PieSimpleData
    {
        public static List<string> SimplePieText = new List<string>() { "一月", "二月", "三月", "四月" };
        public static List<decimal?> SimplePie = new List<decimal?>() { 300, 50, 100, 20 };
    }

展示效果

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折線圖

創建LineSimple.razor組件：

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razor頁面代碼

@page "/LineSimple"
@using ChartjsExercise.Model

<h3>折線圖</h3>

<Chart Cnotallow="_config" @ref="_chart" Height="500px"></Chart>

@code {
    private LineChartConfig? _config;
    private Chart? _chart;

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        _config = new LineChartConfig()
        {
        };

        _config.Data.Labels = LineSimpleData.SimpleLineText;
        _config.Data.Datasets.Add(new LineDataset()
            {
                Label = "數據集",
                Data = LineSimpleData.SimpleLine.ToList(),
                BorderColor = Colors.PaletteBorder1.FirstOrDefault(),
                Tension = 0.1M,
                Fill = false,
                PointRadius = 15,
                PointStyle = PointStyle.Cross
            });
    }

    private void AddValue()
    {
        Random rd = new Random();
        _chart.AddData(new List<string?>() { "August" }, 0, new List<decimal?>() { rd.Next(0, 200) });
    }
}

LineSimpleData

public class LineSimpleData
    {
        public static List<string> SimpleLineText = new List<string>() { "一月", "二月", "三月", "四月", "五月", "六月", "七月" };
        public static List<decimal?> SimpleLine = new List<decimal?>() { 65, 59, 80, 81, 86, 55, 40 };
        public static List<decimal?> SimpleLine2 = new List<decimal?>() { 33, 25, 35, 51, 54, 76, 60 };
        public static List<decimal?> SimpleLine3 = new List<decimal?>() { 53, 91, 39, 61, 39, 87, 23 };
    }

展示效果

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配置菜單導航欄

在組件NavMenu.razor中配置：

<div class="top-row ps-3 navbar navbar-dark">
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <a class="navbar-brand" href="">ChartjsExercise</a>
        <button title="Navigation menu" class="navbar-toggler" @notallow="ToggleNavMenu">
            <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
        </button>
    </div>
</div>

<div class="@NavMenuCssClass nav-scrollable" @notallow="ToggleNavMenu">
    <nav class="flex-column">
        <div class="nav-item px-3">
            <NavLink class="nav-link" href="" Match="NavLinkMatch.All">
                <span class="bi bi-house-door-fill-nav-menu" aria-hidden="true"></span> Home
            </NavLink>
        </div>
        <div class="nav-item px-3">
            <NavLink class="nav-link" href="BarSimple">
                <span class="bi bi-plus-square-fill-nav-menu" aria-hidden="true"></span>柱狀圖
            </NavLink>
        </div>
        <div class="nav-item px-3">
            <NavLink class="nav-link" href="PieSimple">
                <span class="bi bi-plus-square-fill-nav-menu" aria-hidden="true"></span>餅圖
            </NavLink>
        </div>
        <div class="nav-item px-3">
            <NavLink class="nav-link" href="LineSimple">
                <span class="bi bi-plus-square-fill-nav-menu" aria-hidden="true"></span>折線圖
            </NavLink>
        </div>
    </nav>
</div>

@code {
    private bool collapseNavMenu = true;

    private string? NavMenuCssClass => collapseNavMenu ? "collapse" : null;

    private void ToggleNavMenu()
    {
        collapseNavMenu = !collapseNavMenu;
    }
}